Types and Causes of Pigmentation

Pigmentation appears in various forms, each with distinct characteristics and underlying causes. Recognizing the type of pigmentation is crucial for understanding its triggers and planning effective management. Here are the most common types of pigmentation:

Sunspots (Solar Lentigines)

• Description: Sunspots, also known as solar lentigines, are flat, brown, or black spots that commonly appear on areas of the skin frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands, shoulders, and arms. They are usually round or oval in shape and can vary in size. Sunspots are often a sign of sun damage and tend to become more prominent with age.
  
• Cause: Prolonged and repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin. Over time, this overproduction of melanin accumulates in specific areas, resulting in sunspots. Individuals with lighter skin tones are more prone to developing sunspots due to lower natural protection against UV rays.

Melasma

• Description: Melasma is characterized by dark, irregularly shaped patches that most commonly appear on the face, especially on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip.
  Unlike sunspots, melasma patches are often larger and more diffuse, creating a mask-like appearance. It can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women.
  
• Cause: Melasma is primarily triggered by hormonal changes, which increase the activity of melanocytes, leading to excess melanin production. Common hormonal triggers include pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and hormonal replacement therapy.
  Sun exposure often exacerbates melasma, as UV radiation stimulates further melanin production.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

• Description: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) refers to dark spots or patches that develop on the skin following an inflammatory condition or injury. These marks can range from light brown to deep gray-brown, depending on the skin tone and depth of pigmentation. PIH often appears in areas previously affected by acne, eczema, or dermatological procedures.
  
• Cause: PIH occurs when inflammation stimulates melanocytes to produce excess melanin during the healing process. The intensity of the pigmentation depends on the severity of the inflammation and the individual’s natural skin tone. Darker skin tones are more prone to PIH due to higher baseline melanin levels.

Freckles

• Description: Freckles are small, flat, brown spots that appear primarily on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, shoulders, and arms. They are usually uniform in color and size, though they may become darker or more prominent during summer months. Freckles are typically harmless and considered a natural feature of certain skin types.
  
• Cause: Freckles are primarily caused by a genetic predisposition and the activation of melanocytes by UV exposure. In individuals with lighter skin tones, sun exposure triggers an uneven distribution of melanin, resulting in the appearance of freckles. They tend to fade or lighten during periods of reduced sun exposure, such as winter months.

Age Spots (Liver Spots)

• Description: Age spots, or liver spots, are larger, flat, dark brown or black patches that commonly appear on sun-exposed areas like the face, hands, shoulders, and back. Unlike freckles, age spots typically appear later in life, often after the age of 50, and do not fade over time. They are considered a visible sign of aging and sun damage.
  
• Cause: Age spots are caused by cumulative UV exposure over a lifetime, which results in long-term melanin overproduction in certain areas. Aging skin, which has a slower cell turnover rate, exacerbates the appearance of these spots. Individuals with lighter skin tones and a history of excessive sun exposure are more prone to developing age spots.

Pigmentation Laser Treatments in Singapore

Laser treatments are among the most effective solutions for addressing various types of pigmentation, including sunspots, melasma, freckles, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). These treatments target the root cause of pigmentation by breaking down excess melanin in the skin while promoting a clearer, more even complexion. Below are the most commonly used pigmentation lasers in Singapore:

Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser

The Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser is a widely used laser for pigmentation treatment in Singapore. It emits high-intensity laser pulses that specifically target melanin in the skin.

• How It Works: The laser energy is absorbed by melanin, breaking it down into smaller particles that the body naturally eliminates over time.
  
• What It Treats: Effective for treating freckles, sunspots, age spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
  

PICO Laser (Picosecond Laser)

The PICO laser represents a newer generation of pigmentation lasers, delivering ultra-short pulses of laser energy to the skin.

• How It Works: Unlike traditional lasers, the PICO laser uses shorter pulse durations to shatter melanin more efficiently without causing significant heat damage to surrounding tissues.
  
• What It Treats: Ideal for stubborn pigmentation like melasma, deeper pigmentation, and acne scars.
  

Yellow Laser (Pro Yellow Laser)

The Yellow Laser, such as the Pro Yellow Laser, is another pigmentation treatment option in Singapore, targeting redness and vascular pigmentation. It uses a 577nm wavelength that is effective in targeting both melanin and hemoglobin.

• How It Works: The laser energy is absorbed by pigmented and vascular lesions, reducing their appearance while also addressing underlying redness and inflammation.
  
• What It Treats: Effective for melasma, PIH, and vascular pigmentation like rosacea.
  

Why Choose Laser Treatments for Pigmentation?

Laser treatments are highly targeted, allowing them to treat specific areas of pigmentation without damaging the surrounding skin. They are versatile and can be customized to suit different skin types and pigmentation concerns.

Key Benefits of Laser Pigmentation Treatments in Singapore

• Precision: Targets only pigmented areas, preserving surrounding tissues.
• Fast Results: Visible improvement can often be seen after a few sessions.
• Safe and Effective: Performed by doctors, laser treatments are safe for most skin types.
• Minimal Downtime: Modern laser technology require little to no recovery time.

Key Ingredients in Topical Skincare for Pigmentation Treatment in Singapore

The success of topical pigmentation treatments relies heavily on the active ingredients in skincare products. At Edwin Lim Medical Aesthetic Clinic, we use formulations with scientifically proven ingredients to effectively address pigmentation concerns. Here’s a closer look at the key ingredients and their roles in reducing pigmentation:

Tranexamic Acid

• Function: Inhibits melanin synthesis by blocking the interaction between melanocytes and keratinocytes.
• Benefits: Reduces dark spots and prevents the formation of new pigmentation, making it highly effective for melasma and other stubborn pigmentation issues.

Arbutin

• Function: A natural extract derived from bearberry plants, Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for melanin production.
• Benefits: Lightens existing pigmentation and brightens the overall skin tone without causing irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin.

4-n-Butylresorcinol

• Function: A potent tyrosinase inhibitor that targets excessive melanin production at the cellular level.
• Benefits: Highly effective for treating hyperpigmentation, including sunspots, melasma, and age spots.

Vitamin C 20%

• Function: A powerful antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and inhibits melanin formation.
• Benefits: Brightens the skin, reduces the appearance of dark spots, and protects against UV damage.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

• Function: Reduces the transfer of melanin to skin cells and strengthens the skin barrier.
• Benefits: Improves skin tone, reduces redness, and minimizes discoloration for a more even complexion.

Hydroquinone

• Function: A prescription-strength melanin inhibitor that decreases melanin formation.
• Benefits: Effectively lightens hyperpigmented areas such as melasma, age spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Tretinoin

• Function: A derivative of Vitamin A that accelerates skin cell turnover and exfoliation.
• Benefits: Reduces pigmentation by removing discolored skin cells and stimulating collagen production for skin rejuvenation.

Crystal Tomato® Beyond Sun Protection – High-SPF Sunblock for Pigmentation in Singapore

Effective sun protection is a cornerstone of managing and preventing pigmentation. Crystal Tomato® Beyond Sun Protection is a high-performance sunblock designed to address factors that contribute to pigmentation, including UV exposure and environmental stressors. Here's how it supports pigmentation management:

• Broad-Spectrum Coverage for UV Protection: Offers SPF 75+ and PA++++ to protect against UVA, UVB, and High Energy Visible (HEV) light, known to worsen pigmentation and contribute to uneven skin tone.
  
• Defense Against Environmental Damage: Formulated to shield the skin from pollutants and external irritants that can aggravate pigmentation concerns.
  
• Antioxidant Benefits for Pigmentation Prevention: Contains antioxidants that combat free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and supporting healthier skin.
  
• Daily-Wear Formula: Lightweight and non-greasy, making it suitable for Singapore's humid climate and comfortable for everyday use on all skin types.

Regular application of Crystal Tomato® Beyond Sun Protection is crucial for those undergoing pigmentation treatments, such as lasers or topical skincare, as it minimizes the risk of new pigmentation and enhances treatment results.

For individuals with pigmentation-prone skin, incorporating a high-SPF sunblock into your skincare routine is a simple yet impactful step toward maintaining a more even skin tone.

Oral Sunblock and Whitening Supplements for Pigmentation Treatment in Singapore

Oral sunblock and whitening supplements offer a convenient and effective way to support pigmentation management. These supplements provide additional protection against UV-induced pigmentation while promoting a brighter and more even skin tone. 

They work by targeting pigmentation at a cellular level, complementing the effects of topical and laser treatments. Below are the key ingredients and their roles in pigmentation treatment:

Colourless Carotenoids

• Function: Derived from natural sources, colourless carotenoids protect skin cells from UV-induced damage by neutralizing free radicals.
• Benefits: They help to reduce the risk of pigmentation caused by sun exposure and maintain a brighter skin tone without causing yellowing of the skin, unlike other carotenoids.

Polypodium Leucotomos

• Function: An antioxidant-rich extract from a tropical fern, Polypodium Leucotomos reduces the effects of UV radiation on the skin.
• Benefits: This ingredient minimizes inflammation and oxidative stress, preventing UV-induced pigmentation and photoaging. It also enhances skin’s natural resilience to sunlight.

Glutathione

• Function: A powerful antioxidant naturally present in the body, glutathione helps to detoxify cells and regulate melanin production.
• Benefits: It inhibits the formation of darker melanin pigments while promoting the production of lighter pigments, contributing to a more even skin tone. Regular use supports gradual brightening of pigmentation-prone areas.

Pine Bark Extract

• Function: Rich in proanthocyanidins, pine bark extract improves blood circulation and protects collagen and elastin fibers in the skin.
• Benefits: This ingredient reduces oxidative stress and helps repair UV-damaged skin, reducing pigmentation over time. It also supports overall skin health and elasticity.

Vitamin C

• Function: A potent antioxidant, Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals and boosts collagen production.
• Benefits: It inhibits melanin formation, lightens dark spots, and protects skin from environmental stressors. Vitamin C also enhances the absorption of other ingredients in the supplement, amplifying their effects.

Benefits of Oral Sunblock and Whitening Supplements in Singapore

• Enhanced UV Protection: Complements topical sunscreens by providing internal protection against UV radiation.
• Brightened Skin Tone: Gradual reduction of pigmentation and prevention of new dark spots.
• Convenient Daily Use: Easy to incorporate into your skincare routine as a once-a-day supplement.
• Safe and Effective: Scientifically backed ingredients suitable for long-term use.

Why Combine Oral Sunblock with Topical Sunscreen?

While oral supplements enhance internal protection, they are most effective when combined with topical sunscreens. Together, they provide comprehensive coverage against UV rays, minimizing pigmentation triggers and supporting the results of other treatments like lasers or topical skincare.

What Are Cortisone and Antibiotic Acne Injections?

Cortisone and antibiotic acne injections are fast-acting treatments used to reduce the size, redness, and pain of inflamed pimples, cystic acne, and nodules. These injections work by targeting deep, stubborn acne that does not respond well to topical treatments or oral medications.

How Do Cortisone and Antibiotic Injections Work?

• Cortisone Injection for Acne: A low-dose corticosteroid is injected directly into the inflamed acne lesion to reduce swelling, redness, and tenderness. It helps shrink large cystic pimples within 24 to 48 hours.
  
• Antibiotic Injection for Acne: Targets bacterial infection in acne by reducing inflammation and preventing further breakouts. It is often used for severe or persistent acne lesions that are at risk of scarring.
  
• Combination Treatment for Best Results: When used together, cortisone and antibiotic injections provide an effective approach for treating severe acne. The cortisone reduces inflammation and swelling, while the antibiotic controls bacterial growth, promoting faster healing and lowering the risk of recurrence.

Who Should Consider Acne Injections?

• Individuals with painful cystic acne or large inflammatory pimples.
• Those needing fast relief before important events.
• Patients who experience recurring acne breakouts despite oral or topical treatments.
  

Benefits of Cortisone and Antibiotic Acne Injections

Cortisone and antibiotic acne injections provide a powerful combination treatment for inflamed, cystic, and nodular acne. By delivering anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects in a single shot, this treatment works rapidly to reduce swelling, pain, and the risk of scarring.

Rapid Reduction of Swelling and Inflammation

• The cortisone component helps shrink large, inflamed pimples within 24 to 48 hours by reducing swelling and redness.
• The antibiotic component targets bacterial infection, preventing the acne from worsening and accelerating the healing process.
• This dual-action approach provides faster and more effective results.
  

Fast Pain Relief for Deep, Painful Acne

• Cystic and nodular acne can cause significant discomfort due to inflammation.
• The combination injection quickly reduces pain and pressure by calming inflammation and eliminating bacteria at the source.
• Patients often experience relief within 24 to 48 hours of treatment, making it a preferred choice for painful breakouts.

Lowers the Risk of Acne Scarring

• Large, untreated acne lesions often lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and deep acne scars.
• By shrinking inflamed pimples before they rupture, the cortisone and antibiotic injection helps prevent long-term scarring.
• This treatment is particularly beneficial for those prone to acne scars or dealing with frequent breakouts.

Targets Deep, Stubborn Acne Resistant to Other Treatments

• Some acne does not respond well to topical creams or oral antibiotics and requires direct intervention.
• This injection-based treatment reaches deep into the skin, treating acne at its core rather than just the surface.
• It is especially effective for single, large, or recurring cystic pimples that do not resolve on their own.

Quick, Convenient, and Minimally Invasive

• The procedure takes only a few minutes and requires no downtime.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the injection.
• There is no need for oral medication, reducing the risk of side effects associated with long-term antibiotic use.

By combining the benefits of cortisone and antibiotics in a single injection, this treatment provides a fast, effective, and targeted solution for severe acne breakouts, helping patients achieve clearer skin with minimal disruption to their daily routine.

What to Expect During a Cortisone and Antibiotic Acne Injection Treatment

Cortisone and antibiotic acne injections are a quick and effective treatment for inflamed pimples, cystic acne, and nodular acne. Understanding what to expect during the procedure can help patients feel more prepared and confident about the treatment process.

Consultation and Assessment

• A consultation with a doctor is the first step to determine if the injection is suitable for the acne condition.
• The doctor will assess the severity of the acne and identify inflamed pimples that would benefit from the injection.
• Patients with cystic acne, nodular acne, or large inflammatory breakouts are ideal candidates for this treatment.

The Injection Procedure

• The skin is cleansed to minimize the risk of infection before the injection.
• A fine needle is used to inject a combination of cortisone and antibiotics directly into the acne lesion.
• The procedure is quick and usually takes only a few seconds.
• There is slight discomfort as the injection is targeted at the inflamed area.

Post-Treatment Care and Recovery

• Mild redness or slight tenderness at the injection site may occur but usually resolves within a few hours.
• Patients should avoid touching or squeezing the treated area to allow the injection to work effectively.
• The injected pimple typically starts shrinking within 24 to 48 hours, with full improvement within a few days.
• Regular skincare and acne management routines should be continued to prevent future breakouts.

How Soon Can Results Be Seen?

• Most patients notice a reduction in swelling and inflammation within one to two days.
• Pain and discomfort associated with cystic acne or nodular acne usually improve within 24 hours.
• The injected pimple continues to flatten and heal over the next several days, reducing the risk of scarring.

Are Multiple Sessions Required?

• For isolated large pimples, a single injection is usually enough to resolve the inflammation.
• Patients with frequent cystic acne breakouts may require injections as needed for recurring flare-ups.
• Your doctor may recommend additional acne treatments, such as topical medications or laser therapy, for long-term skin improvement.

Cortisone and antibiotic acne injections offer a fast and effective solution for inflamed acne, providing relief with minimal downtime. The procedure is commonly performed in aesthetic and dermatology clinics in Singapore for those seeking immediate improvement of stubborn acne breakouts.

Side Effects and Risks of Cortisone and Antibiotic Acne Injections

Cortisone and antibiotic acne injections are a reliable treatment option for severe acne, but patients should be aware of potential side effects and risks. These can be categorized into common side effects and rare but possible risks.

Common Side Effects

• Redness and Swelling: Temporary redness and swelling at the injection site are typical and generally resolve within a few hours to a day.
• Bruising: Mild bruising can occur but usually fades within a few days.
• Tenderness: Some patients may experience slight tenderness at the injection site, which subsides quickly.

Rare but Possible Risks

• Skin Thinning (Localized): Repeated injections in the same area may cause localized skin thinning or slight indentation. If not managed carefully, this could lead to atrophic scarring.
• Hypopigmentation: Lightening of the skin at the injection site may occur, particularly in patients with darker skin tones. This effect is usually temporary but can last longer in some cases.
• Atrophic Scarring: High concentrations of Cortisone may result in atrophic scarring (depressed scars). Ensuring proper dosage minimizes this risk.
• Allergic Reaction: An allergic reaction to the injected medication is uncommon but possible.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Cortisone and Antibiotic Acne Injections in Singapore

What is Rejuran I (Eye) for Anti-Aging Eye Treatment in Singapore?

The skin around the eyes is often the first to reveal signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, dark circles, and reduced elasticity. Rejuran I is a polynucleotide (PN) treatment specifically formulated to address these concerns by rejuvenating the delicate under-eye area.

This non-surgical procedure stimulates collagen production, improves skin texture, and supports natural repair processes, making it a popular choice in Singapore for anti-aging eye treatments. Rejuran I’s unique formulation is designed for thin, sensitive skin, ensuring it effectively targets under-eye issues with minimal invasiveness.

How Rejuran I (Eye) Works for Anti-Aging Eye Treatment in Singapore

Rejuran I for anti-aging eye treatment works by delivering polynucleotides (PN) into the delicate under-eye skin through precise microinjections. Polynucleotides are biocompatible molecules extracted from salmon DNA, renowned for their healing and regenerative properties.

Once injected, polynucleotides function at a cellular level to promote skin repair and regeneration. They work by enhancing fibroblast activity, which boosts the production of collagen and elastin. These proteins are essential for maintaining skin elasticity, firmness, and a youthful appearance. Additionally, polynucleotides improve microcirculation and reduce inflammation, creating an optimal environment for skin healing.

Rejuran I’s polynucleotide formulation is specifically designed for thin and sensitive under-eye skin. Its low viscosity ensures smooth application and even distribution, minimizing discomfort during treatment. By targeting common concerns such as fine lines, wrinkles, dark circles, and skin laxity, Rejuran I promotes natural rejuvenation over time.

Patients can expect gradual improvements in skin texture, hydration, and elasticity with regular sessions as the skin undergoes progressive repair.

Benefits of Rejuran I (Eye) for Anti-Aging Eye Treatment in Singapore

Rejuran I offers numerous benefits for individuals seeking to address visible signs of aging around the eyes. Its specialized formulation and regenerative properties make it a popular choice for rejuvenating the delicate under-eye skin in Singapore.

Reduces Fine Lines and Wrinkles

Rejuran I promotes collagen and elastin production, which helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles around the eyes. This progressive improvement enhances skin texture and restores a smoother, more youthful appearance.

Improves Skin Elasticity and Firmness

By stimulating fibroblast activity, Rejuran I strengthens the skin’s structure, improving elasticity and firmness. This benefit is especially significant for thin or sagging under-eye skin.

Minimizes Dark Circles

Polynucleotides in Rejuran I improve microcirculation and reduce inflammation, which can help diminish the appearance of dark circles. This results in a more refreshed and radiant under-eye area.

Enhances Skin Hydration

Rejuran I supports the restoration of the skin barrier, improving moisture retention. Hydrated skin looks healthier, smoother, and more plump, addressing dryness and dullness effectively.

Targets Skin Laxity

Rejuran I helps tighten loose skin under the eyes by promoting regeneration and repair. This creates a firmer and lifted appearance over time.

Minimally Invasive with Minimal Downtime

As a non-surgical treatment, Rejuran I uses microinjections to deliver polynucleotides with minimal discomfort. Patients can resume normal activities quickly, making it a convenient and efficient anti-aging solution.

What to Expect During a Rejuran I (Eye) Treatment Session in Singapore

Rejuran I treatments are designed to provide a comfortable and minimally invasive experience, making them an ideal option for under-eye rejuvenation. Here’s a step-by-step overview of what you can expect during a session:

Consultation and Assessment

Before the treatment, a consultation will be conducted to assess your under-eye concerns and determine if Rejuran I is suitable for your needs. The practitioner will discuss your skin condition, desired outcomes, and any necessary preparations for the procedure.

Skin Preparation

The treatment begins with cleansing the under-eye area to ensure a clean surface. A numbing cream may be applied to minimize discomfort during the microinjections. This step typically takes 20–30 minutes.

Microinjections with Rejuran I

Rejuran I is administered through precise microinjections directly into the skin around the eyes. The injections are strategically placed to target areas of concern, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and dark circles. The process typically lasts about 15–20 minutes.

Post-Treatment Care

After the treatment, an intensive recovery cream is applied and gently massaged into the treated area. This massage helps improve absorption of Rejuran I and reduces swelling for enhanced comfort and quicker recovery.

Following the procedure, small bumps and mild swelling are common in the under-eye area. These typically subside within 3–5 days. However, as the skin around the eyes is thin and sensitive, there is a risk of bruising, which may take up to 7 days to improve.

Detailed aftercare instructions will be provided to support proper healing and minimize potential side effects, ensuring a smooth recovery process.

Minimal Downtime

Despite the potential for mild swelling and bruising, one of the key benefits of Rejuran I is its minimal downtime. Most patients can resume their daily activities immediately after the session, making it a convenient choice for those with busy schedules.

Side Effects and Risks of Rejuran I (Eye) Anti-Aging Treatment

Rejuran I is a minimally invasive treatment designed to rejuvenate the under-eye area, but like any medical procedure, it carries potential side effects and risks. Understanding these helps patients make informed decisions and set realistic expectations.

Common Side Effects

• Redness and Swelling: Mild redness and swelling at the injection sites are common and typically subside within 3–5 days.
• Small Bumps: Temporary bumps may appear in the treated area but usually disappear after a few days as the product integrates into the skin.
• Bruising: Due to the delicate nature of under-eye skin, bruising may occur and can take up to 7 days to resolve.

Rare Side Effects

• Allergic Reactions: Though rare, some patients may experience sensitivity to the polynucleotide formula. Always inform your doctor about any known allergies.
• Infection: As with any injection-based treatment, there is a minimal risk of infection, which can be mitigated with proper aftercare and a sterile treatment environment.

How Often Should You Get Rejuran I (Eye) Treatments, and How Long Do Results Last?

Recommended Treatment Frequency

For optimal results, Rejuran I (Eye) treatments are typically performed as a series of 3–4 sessions spaced 3–4 weeks apart. This schedule allows the polynucleotides to work progressively, stimulating collagen production and repairing the under-eye skin over time.

Once the initial series is completed, maintenance sessions every 6–12 months are recommended to sustain the benefits. Regular treatments help keep the skin rejuvenated and address any new signs of aging that may appear.

How Long Do Results Last?

The effects of Rejuran I (Eye) are long-lasting but not permanent. Most patients notice visible improvements within a few weeks after the first session, including smoother skin texture, reduced fine lines, and better hydration.

Results from a full treatment series typically last between 6–12 months, depending on factors such as age, skin condition, and lifestyle habits. Maintenance sessions ensure consistent results and prevent the reappearance of under-eye concerns.

Factors Affecting Results

The longevity of Rejuran I results can vary based on:

• Skin Type and Condition: Younger, healthier skin may respond more effectively and retain results longer.
• Lifestyle Habits: Smoking, poor diet, and excessive sun exposure can reduce the longevity of results.
• Adherence to Aftercare: Following post-treatment care instructions helps maximize the effects of the treatment.

Benefits of Regular Maintenance

Consistent maintenance treatments not only prolong the results of Rejuran I but also support ongoing skin health. Regular sessions stimulate continuous collagen production and ensure the delicate under-eye area remains smooth, firm, and hydrated.

By following the recommended treatment schedule and adopting healthy skincare practices, patients can enjoy lasting benefits and a rejuvenated under-eye appearance.

Frequently Asked Questions About Rejuran I (Eye) Anti-Aging Treatment